MDNA is the twelfth studio album by American singer Madonna, released on March 23, 2012, by Interscope Records. The album was conceived while the singer was busy filming her directorial venture, W.E., throughout 2011. Madonna began recording in July 2011 and collaborated with producers including Alle Benassi, Benny Benassi, Demolition Crew, Free School, Michael Malih, Indiigo, William Orbit, and Martin Solveig, with Orbit and Solveig serving as the record's primary producers. The album features guest appearances by female rappers M.I.A. and Nicki Minaj.