Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel is the twelfth studio album by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey. It was initially released in the Philippines and Hong Kong on September 28, 2009, and it was released on September 29, 2009 in the United States and Canada, by Island Records, Def Jam Recordings and The Island Def Jam Music Group. After promotion for her previous album, E=MC² (2008) ended, Carey began to work on a new album, producing songs with Terius "The-Dream" Nash and Christopher "Tricky" Stewart.